Magalimoto amagetsi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamoyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku - komwe tikukhala, kugwira ntchito ndi kusewera.Mwachidule, amapanga pafupifupi chirichonse chomwe chimayenda, kusuntha.Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina amagetsi amagetsi.1

Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya injini zamafakitale zomwe zikugwira ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mapampu, mafani ndi ma compressor, gulu lamakina omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chakuchita bwino kwambiri2.Mapulogalamuwa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mwachangu, nthawi zonse, ngakhale osafunikira.Kugwira ntchito kosalekeza kumeneku kumawononga mphamvu ndipo kumatulutsa mpweya wosafunikira wa CO2, koma powongolera liwiro lagalimoto, titha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.

Njira imodzi yochepetsera liwiro la mota ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina osinthira liwiro (VSD), chipangizo chomwe chimawongolera liwiro la mota yamagetsi posintha ma frequency ndi voteji yomwe imaperekedwa ku injiniyo.Pakuwongolera liwiro la mota, kuyendetsa kumatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa zida zozungulira ndi 20 peresenti kumatha kuchepetsa zofunikira zamagetsi ndi pafupifupi 50%3) ndikupereka kusintha kwakukulu pakuwongolera njira komanso kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri pamoyo wonse. za moAs zothandiza monga ma VSDs ndi opulumutsa mphamvu mu ntchito zambiri, angayambitse kulephera kwa injini msanga ngati sikukhazikika bwino.Ngakhale pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwamagetsi amagetsi, vuto lomwe limafala kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito galimoto ndikulephera chifukwa chamagetsi wamba.

Zowonongeka chifukwa chamagetsi wamba

Mugawo la magawo atatu a AC, mphamvu yamagetsi wamba imatha kufotokozedwa ngati kusalinganiza komwe kulipo pakati pa magawo atatu omwe amapangidwa ndi mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi, kapena kusiyana kwamagetsi pakati pa gwero lamagetsi ndi malo osalowerera ndale atatu- gawo katundu.Kusinthasintha kwamagetsi wamba kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti voteji ikhale pa shaft ya mota, ndipo voteji ya shaft iyi imatha kutuluka m'makona kapena kudzera mumayendedwe.Mapangidwe amakono a uinjiniya, kusungunula magawo ndi waya wosanjikiza wa inverter spike angathandize kuteteza ma windings;komabe, pamene rotor iwona kuchuluka kwa ma spikes amagetsi, zamakono zimafunafuna njira yochepetsera kukana pansi.Pankhani ya injini yamagetsi, njira iyi imadutsa molunjika pazitsulo.

Popeza kuti zonyamula zamagalimoto zimagwiritsa ntchito mafuta kuti azipaka mafuta, mafuta omwe ali mumafutawo amapanga filimu yomwe imakhala ngati dielectric, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imatha kutumiza mphamvu zamagetsi popanda kuwongolera.M'kupita kwa nthawi, dielectric iyi imawonongeka.Popanda mafuta otsekemera, mphamvu ya shaft imatuluka kudzera muzitsulo, kenako kupyolera mu nyumba ya galimoto, kuti ikwaniritse nthaka yamagetsi.Kuyenda uku kwa magetsi kumayambitsa kugundana kwa ma bearings, omwe amatchedwa Electric discharge Machining (EDM).Pamene kugwedezeka kosalekeza kumeneku kumachitika pakapita nthawi, madera a pamwamba pa mpikisano wothamanga amakhala osasunthika, ndipo tizidutswa tating'ono tachitsulo timatha kusweka mkati mwa chigawocho.Pamapeto pake, zinthu zowonongeka zimagwira ntchito pakati pa mipira ya bearing ndi mpikisano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akupera, omwe amatha kutulutsa ma pitting a micron, otchedwa frosting, kapena mikwingwirima yofanana ndi bolodi mumsewu wothamanga, wotchedwa fluting.

Ma motors ena amatha kupitiliza kuthamanga pomwe kuwonongeka kukukulirakulira, popanda zovuta zilizonse.Chizindikiro choyamba cha kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono nthawi zambiri chimakhala phokoso lomveka, chifukwa cha mipira yonyamula yomwe imayenda m'madera otsekedwa ndi ozizira.Koma pamene phokosoli likuchitika, kuwonongeka kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti kulephera kuli pafupi.

Zokhazikika mu kupewa

Mafakitole nthawi zambiri samakumana ndi zovuta izi pamakina othamanga, koma m'malo ena, monga nyumba zamalonda ndi kunyamula katundu wa eyapoti, kuyika pansi sikupezeka nthawi zonse.Muzochitika izi, njira ina iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apatutse madziwa kutali ndi ma bere.Yankho lofala kwambiri ndikuwonjezera chida chopangira shaft kumalekezero amodzi a shaft yamoto, makamaka m'mapulogalamu omwe ma voliyumu wamba amatha kukhala ambiri.Dothi la shaft kwenikweni ndi njira yolumikizira chozungulira cha injini kupita kudziko lapansi kudzera pa chimango cha injini.Kuonjezera chipangizo choyatsira shaft ku injini isanakhazikitsidwe (kapena kugula galimoto yokhala ndi imodzi yoyikidwiratu) kungakhale mtengo wochepa woti ulipire poyerekeza ndi mtengo wamtengo wamtengo wapatali wokhudzana ndi kunyamula m'malo, osatchulapo kukwera mtengo kwa nthawi yopumira m'malo.

Pali mitundu ingapo yodziwika bwino ya zida zoyatsira shaft m'makampani masiku ano, monga maburashi a kaboni, maburashi amtundu wa mphete ndi zodzipatula zokhala pansi, ndi njira zina zotetezera ma bearings ziliponso.

Maburashi a kaboni akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zopitilira 100 ndipo ndi ofanana ndi maburashi a kaboni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama commutators a DC.Maburashi apansi amapereka kugwirizana kwa magetsi pakati pa magawo ozungulira ndi osasunthika a kayendedwe ka magetsi a galimoto ndikutenga panopa kuchokera ku rotor kupita pansi kuti ndalamazo zisamangidwe pa rotor mpaka pamene zimatuluka kudzera muzitsulo.Maburashi ogwetsera pansi amapereka njira zothandiza komanso zachuma kuti apereke njira yochepetsera pansi, makamaka kwa ma motors akuluakulu;komabe, iwo sali opanda zopinga zawo.Monga momwe zilili ndi ma motors a DC, maburashi amatha kuvala chifukwa cholumikizana ndi shaft, ndipo, mosasamala kanthu za mapangidwe a chotengera burashi, msonkhanowo uyenera kuwunikiridwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti utsimikizire kulumikizana koyenera pakati pa maburashi ndi shaft.

Mphete zoyika ma shaft zimagwira ntchito ngati burashi ya kaboni, koma zimakhala ndi nsonga zingapo za ulusi woyendera magetsi wopangidwa mkati mwa mphete yozungulira tsinde.Kunja kwa mpheteyo, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kumapeto kwa injiniyo, imakhalabe, pomwe maburashi amakwera pamwamba pa shaft ya mota, kuwongolera mphamvuyo kudzera m'maburashi ndikufika pansi mosatekeseka.Mphete zoyika ma shaft zimatha kuyikidwa mkati mwa mota, kuwalola kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchapira komanso ma mota oyipa.Palibe njira yokhazikitsira shaft yomwe ili yabwino, komabe, mphete zoyikapo zoyikidwa kunja zimakonda kusonkhanitsa zonyansa pamiyendo yawo, zomwe zingachepetse mphamvu yake.

Grounding kubala zodzipatula amaphatikiza matekinoloje awiri: mbali ziwiri, sanali kukhudzana kudzipatula chishango amene amagwiritsa ntchito labyrinth kapangidwe kuteteza ingress wa zoipitsa ndi zitsulo rotor ndi akutali conductive filament mphete kusokoneza kutsinde mafunde kutali mayendedwe.Popeza zidazi zimalepheretsanso kutayika kwa mafuta ndi kuipitsidwa, zimalowa m'malo mwa zosindikizira zokhazikika komanso zodzipatula zachikhalidwe.

Njira ina yopewera kutulutsa kwaposachedwa kudzera m'mabere ndi kupanga zonyamula kuchokera kuzinthu zosayendetsa.M'mabere a ceramic, mipira yokutira ya ceramic imateteza ma berelo poletsa ma shaft apano kuti asadutse mumayendedwe kupita ku mota.Popeza palibe mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imadutsa muzitsulo zamagalimoto, pali mwayi wochepa wa kuvala kwamakono;komabe, yapano idzafunafuna njira yopita pansi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti idzadutsa zida zomata.Popeza mayendedwe a ceramic sangachotse pakali pano pa rotor, ma mota okhawo omwe amapangidwa mwachindunji ndi omwe amalimbikitsidwa pamagalimoto okhala ndi zotengera za ceramic.Zoyipa zina ndi mtengo wamayendedwe awa amtundu wa mota komanso kuti ma bearings nthawi zambiri amapezeka mpaka kukula kwa 6311.

Pa ma motors opitilira mahatchi 100, nthawi zambiri timalimbikitsa kuti chotchinga chotchinga chiyike mbali ina ya mota pomwe chida choyatsira shaft chimayikidwa, posatengera mtundu wanji wa shaft yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Malangizo atatu oyika liwiro loyendetsa galimoto

Zolinga zitatu za injiniya wokonza akamayesa kuchepetsa ma voltage wamba pama liwiro osinthika ndi awa:

1. Onetsetsani kuti injini (ndi motor system) yakhazikika bwino.
2. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa ma frequency oyendetsa, omwe achepetse phokoso komanso kusalinganiza kwamagetsi.
3. Ngati chipangizo choyatsira shaft chikuwoneka kuti ndi chofunikira, sankhani chomwe chimagwira bwino ntchitoyo.

Pamene mphamvu yoberekera ilipo, palibe saizi imodzi yokwanira yankho lonse.Ndikofunikira kuti kasitomala ndi woyendetsa galimoto ndi woyendetsa galimoto azigwira ntchito limodzi kuti apeze yankho loyenera kwambiri la ntchitoyo.